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/Title (FAR 23.149)
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Two cases:
1. Maintain, i.e. recover control after a sudden failure to straight flight;
2. Maintain straight flight while an engine is inoperative, while banking the bank angle that the tail design engineeer used to size the vertical tail \(for adequately counteracting the adversive yaw, and zero sideslip for maximum climb performance\).
Highest CAS for cases1 & 2 = VMCA. VMCA is not for turning!
) /RD [150.052041 91.49122 -0.000011 0.000037] /Rect [293.265643 548.735014 563.791626 801.411194] /Subj (Callout) /Subtype /FreeText /Contents (Two cases:\r1. Maintain, i.e. recover control after a sudden failure to straight flight;\r2. Maintain straight flight while an engine is inoperative, while banking the bank angle that the tail design engineeer used to size the vertical tail \(for adequately counteracting the adversive yaw, and zero sideslip for maximum climb performance\).\r\rHighest CAS for cases1 & 2 = VMCA. VMCA is not for turning! ) /CreationDate (D:20140911151558+02'00') >> endobj 11 0 obj << /C [1 1 0] /F 4 /M (D:20140911153655+02'00') /P 5 0 R /T (Horlings) /AP << /N 30 0 R >> /NM (040eb248-a19c-40e0-8dafa6a8adf718c0) /Rect [351.298332 541.641968 534.208087 553.439454] /Subj (Highlight) /Subtype /Highlight /QuadPoints [353.639859 553.439467 531.86656 553.439467 353.639859 541.641971 531.86656 541.641971] /CreationDate (D:20140911153655+02'00') >> endobj 12 0 obj << /C [1 1 0] /F 4 /M (D:20140911153702+02'00') /P 5 0 R /T (Horlings) /AP << /N 31 0 R >> /NM (266c7932-9e91-4313-8102c8b3327f2acb) /Rect [57.41844 528.921998 201.819421 540.719483] /Subj (Highlight) /Subtype /Highlight /QuadPoints [59.759977 540.719472 199.477888 540.719472 59.759977 528.921976 199.477888 528.921976] /CreationDate (D:20140911153702+02'00') >> endobj 13 0 obj << /C [1 1 1] /F 4 /M (D:20140911183134+02'00') /P 5 0 R /T (Horlings) /AP << /N 32 0 R >> /CL [456.58126 536.770472 496.548011 603.868705 496.548011 603.868705] /DA (1.000 0.000 0.000 rg) /IT /FreeTextCallout /LE /OpenArrow /NM (81180853-5163-4145-b7d72cacdaba335f) /RC (Case 2.
) /RD [40.478472 63.832219 -0.000028 -0.000043] /Rect [456.06954 535.911326 530.054078 613.241578] /Subj (Callout) /Subtype /FreeText /Contents (Case 2.) /CreationDate (D:20140911153724+02'00') >> endobj 14 0 obj << /C [1 1 1] /F 4 /M (D:20140911183151+02'00') /P 5 0 R /T (Horlings) /AP << /N 33 0 R >> /CL [418.345391 551.014382 444.585694 605.742904 444.817132 605.742904] /DA (1.000 0.000 0.000 rg) /IT /FreeTextCallout /LE /OpenArrow /NM (81180853-5163-4145-b7d72cacdaba335f) /RC (Case1.
) /RD [27.658351 48.88115 0.000011 0.000002] /Rect [417.158782 550.112716 476.074067 612.491944] /Subj (Callout) /Subtype /FreeText /Contents (Case1.) /CreationDate (D:20140911153724+02'00') >> endobj 15 0 obj << /C [1 1 1] /F 4 /M (D:20140911204929+02'00') /P 5 0 R /T (Horlings) /AP << /N 34 0 R >> /CL [263.902469 470.049003 245.159396 382.33651 257.904686 382.33651] /DA (1.000 0.000 0.000 rg) /IT /FreeTextCallout /LE /OpenArrow /NM (ab922510-aecd-4c02-bbd0fd43d5a4bbc3) /RC (The smaller the tail, the higher the airspeed required for maintaining directional control \(VMCA\).
This VMCA limitation prevents the tail from being designed too small \(cheaper, less heavy\).
) /RD [13.363424 -0.000002 0.000024 57.203868] /Rect [244.541262 350.849976 385.357605 471.026913] /Subj (Callout) /Subtype /FreeText /Contents (The smaller the tail, the higher the airspeed required for maintaining directional control \(VMCA\). \rThis VMCA limitation prevents the tail from being designed too small \(cheaper, less heavy\).) /CreationDate (D:20140911154144+02'00') >> endobj 16 0 obj << /C [1 1 1] /F 4 /M (D:20140911183939+02'00') /P 5 0 R /T (Horlings) /AP << /N 35 0 R >> /CL [326.129472 456.554773 427.342066 402.954618 427.342066 402.954618] /DA (1.000 0.000 0.000 rg) /IT /FreeTextCallout /LE /OpenArrow /NM (4f7fe9e4-b105-48d4-ac72c604151679af) /RC (Refer to the Flight Test Guides:
For VMCA:
- the most unfavorable weight is low weight.
- the most unfavorable center of gravity position is aft.
) /RD [92.349889 -0.000005 0.000029 23.31534] /Rect [325.245779 370.341645 538.301087 457.383577] /Subj (Callout) /Subtype /FreeText /Contents (Refer to the Flight Test Guides: \rFor VMCA:\r- the most unfavorable weight is low weight. \r- the most unfavorable center of gravity position is aft. ) /CreationDate (D:20140911154928+02'00') >> endobj 17 0 obj << /C [1 1 1] /F 4 /M (D:20140911182917+02'00') /P 5 0 R /T (Horlings) /AP << /N 36 0 R >> /DA (1.000 0.000 0.000 rg) /LE /None /NM (042ccd14-19c1-420d-a64c33876ccda229) /RC (This Regulation is the airworthiness standard for multi-engine Part 23 airplanes, i.e. for designing and certifying, not for their operational use. The VMC definition should therefore not be used unchanged in flight manuals and pilot course books.
) /RD [0 0 0 0] /Rect [58.478388 772.169813 424.343174 811.153144] /Subj (Text Box) /Subtype /FreeText /Contents (This Regulation is the airworthiness standard for multi-engine Part 23 airplanes, i.e. for designing and certifying, not for their operational use. The VMC definition should therefore not be used unchanged in flight manuals and pilot course books.) /CreationDate (D:20140911155701+02'00') >> endobj 18 0 obj << /C [1 1 1] /F 4 /M (D:20140911205012+02'00') /P 5 0 R /T (Horlings) /AP << /N 37 0 R >> /CL [414.596776 332.107988 427.337633 335.108629 439.337633 335.108629] /DA (1.000 0.000 0.000 rg) /IT /FreeTextCallout /LE /OpenArrow /NM (33e838cb-d954-4ac8-8dd063afb673e36c) /RC (Refer to the Flight Test Guide: Autofeather if installed, otherwise windmilling.
) /RD [25.71421 -0.000011 0.00004 0.000017] /Rect [413.623424 318.61377 551.046387 351.603516] /Subj (Callout) /Subtype /FreeText /Contents (Refer to the Flight Test Guide: Autofeather if installed, otherwise windmilling.) /CreationDate (D:20140911160922+02'00') >> endobj 19 0 obj << /C [1 1 1] /F 4 /M (D:20140911200130+02'00') /P 5 0 R /T (Horlings) /AP << /N 38 0 R >> /DA (1.000 0.000 0.000 rg) /LE /None /NM (83cadcab-34b3-4718-8722877c5250dba8) /RC (In comment text boxes, VMCA \(A for Airborne\) is used rather than VMC. These comments were added by a Test Pilot School graduate of AvioConsult\(.com\).
) /RD [0 0 0 0] /Rect [59.228111 728.201532 374.111739 750.42911] /Subj (Text Box) /Subtype /FreeText /Contents (In comment text boxes, VMCA \(A for Airborne\) is used rather than VMC. These comments were added by a Test Pilot School graduate of AvioConsult\(.com\).) /CreationDate (D:20140911190316+02'00') >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Filter [/FlateDecode] /Length 4818 >> stream x][Fr tcْeϡ$7x %